Solaris调整文件系统参考

总述

UFS是Solaris缺省的基于磁盘的文件系统。管理基于磁盘的文件系统时，大多数情况下管理的是 UFS 文件系统。
本文档描述了Oracle Solaris 10操作系统下UFS文件系统常见的配置操作。

配置硬盘设备

  1. 当前磁盘状态
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# iostat -E
sd0       Soft Errors: 0 Hard Errors: 0 Transport Errors: 0 
Vendor: VMware,  Product: VMware Virtual S Revision: 1.0  Serial No:  
Size: 137.44GB <137438952960 bytes>
Media Error: 0 Device Not Ready: 0 No Device: 0 Recoverable: 0 
Illegal Request: 4 Predictive Failure Analysis: 0 
sd1       Soft Errors: 0 Hard Errors: 0 Transport Errors: 0 
Vendor: VMware,  Product: VMware Virtual S Revision: 1.0  Serial No:  
Size: 274.88GB <274877906432 bytes>
Media Error: 0 Device Not Ready: 0 No Device: 0 Recoverable: 0 
Illegal Request: 4 Predictive Failure Analysis: 0 
sd2       Soft Errors: 0 Hard Errors: 0 Transport Errors: 0 
Vendor: NECVMWar Product: VMware IDE CDR10 Revision: 1.00 Serial No:  
Size: 2.25GB <2254110720 bytes>
Media Error: 0 Device Not Ready: 0 No Device: 0 Recoverable: 0 
Illegal Request: 12 Predictive Failure Analysis: 0

# format
Searching for disks...done
AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS:
       0. c1t0d0 <VMware,-VMware Virtual -1.0  cyl 16706 alt 2 hd 255 sec 63>
          /pci@0,0/pci15ad,1976@10/sd@0,0
       1. c1t1d0 <VMware,-VMware Virtual -1.0  cyl 33416 alt 2 hd 255 sec 63>
          /pci@0,0/pci15ad,1976@10/sd@1,0

  1. 添加一块10G大小的物理磁盘

  2. 在线识别新设备

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# devfsadm
  1. 查看新添加的磁盘
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# iostat -E
sd0       Soft Errors: 0 Hard Errors: 0 Transport Errors: 0 
Vendor: VMware,  Product: VMware Virtual S Revision: 1.0  Serial No:  
Size: 137.44GB <137438952960 bytes>
Media Error: 0 Device Not Ready: 0 No Device: 0 Recoverable: 0 
Illegal Request: 4 Predictive Failure Analysis: 0 
sd1       Soft Errors: 0 Hard Errors: 0 Transport Errors: 0 
Vendor: VMware,  Product: VMware Virtual S Revision: 1.0  Serial No:  
Size: 274.88GB <274877906432 bytes>
Media Error: 0 Device Not Ready: 0 No Device: 0 Recoverable: 0 
Illegal Request: 8 Predictive Failure Analysis: 0 
sd2       Soft Errors: 0 Hard Errors: 0 Transport Errors: 0 
Vendor: NECVMWar Product: VMware IDE CDR10 Revision: 1.00 Serial No:  
Size: 2.25GB <2254110720 bytes>
Media Error: 0 Device Not Ready: 0 No Device: 0 Recoverable: 0 
Illegal Request: 12 Predictive Failure Analysis: 0 
sd3       Soft Errors: 0 Hard Errors: 0 Transport Errors: 0 
Vendor: VMware,  Product: VMware Virtual S Revision: 1.0  Serial No:  
Size: 10.74GB <10737417728 bytes>
Media Error: 0 Device Not Ready: 0 No Device: 0 Recoverable: 0 
Illegal Request: 8 Predictive Failure Analysis: 0




# format
Searching for disks...done
AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS:
       0. c1t0d0 <VMware,-VMware Virtual -1.0  cyl 16706 alt 2 hd 255 sec 63>
          /pci@0,0/pci15ad,1976@10/sd@0,0
       1. c1t1d0 <VMware,-VMware Virtual -1.0  cyl 33416 alt 2 hd 255 sec 63>
          /pci@0,0/pci15ad,1976@10/sd@1,0
       2. c1t2d0 <VMware,-VMware Virtual -1.0  cyl 1303 alt 2 hd 255 sec 63>
          /pci@0,0/pci15ad,1976@10/sd@2,0

# ls -l
...节选...
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root          46 Jan 12 16:15 c1t2d0p0 -> ../../devices/pci@0,0/pci15ad,1976@10/sd@2,0:q
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root          46 Jan 12 16:15 c1t2d0p1 -> ../../devices/pci@0,0/pci15ad,1976@10/sd@2,0:r
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root          46 Jan 12 16:15 c1t2d0p2 -> ../../devices/pci@0,0/pci15ad,1976@10/sd@2,0:s
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root          46 Jan 12 16:15 c1t2d0p3 -> ../../devices/pci@0,0/pci15ad,1976@10/sd@2,0:t
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root          46 Jan 12 16:15 c1t2d0p4 -> ../../devices/pci@0,0/pci15ad,1976@10/sd@2,0:u
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root          46 Jan 12 16:15 c1t2d0s0 -> ../../devices/pci@0,0/pci15ad,1976@10/sd@2,0:a
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root          46 Jan 12 16:15 c1t2d0s1 -> ../../devices/pci@0,0/pci15ad,1976@10/sd@2,0:b
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root          46 Jan 12 16:15 c1t2d0s10 -> ../../devices/pci@0,0/pci15ad,1976@10/sd@2,0:k
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root          46 Jan 12 16:15 c1t2d0s11 -> ../../devices/pci@0,0/pci15ad,1976@10/sd@2,0:l
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root          46 Jan 12 16:15 c1t2d0s12 -> ../../devices/pci@0,0/pci15ad,1976@10/sd@2,0:m
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root          46 Jan 12 16:15 c1t2d0s13 -> ../../devices/pci@0,0/pci15ad,1976@10/sd@2,0:n
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root          46 Jan 12 16:15 c1t2d0s14 -> ../../devices/pci@0,0/pci15ad,1976@10/sd@2,0:o
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root          46 Jan 12 16:15 c1t2d0s15 -> ../../devices/pci@0,0/pci15ad,1976@10/sd@2,0:p
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root          46 Jan 12 16:15 c1t2d0s2 -> ../../devices/pci@0,0/pci15ad,1976@10/sd@2,0:c
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root          46 Jan 12 16:15 c1t2d0s3 -> ../../devices/pci@0,0/pci15ad,1976@10/sd@2,0:d
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root          46 Jan 12 16:15 c1t2d0s4 -> ../../devices/pci@0,0/pci15ad,1976@10/sd@2,0:e
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root          46 Jan 12 16:15 c1t2d0s5 -> ../../devices/pci@0,0/pci15ad,1976@10/sd@2,0:f
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root          46 Jan 12 16:15 c1t2d0s6 -> ../../devices/pci@0,0/pci15ad,1976@10/sd@2,0:g
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root          46 Jan 12 16:15 c1t2d0s7 -> ../../devices/pci@0,0/pci15ad,1976@10/sd@2,0:h
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root          46 Jan 12 16:15 c1t2d0s8 -> ../../devices/pci@0,0/pci15ad,1976@10/sd@2,0:i
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root          46 Jan 12 16:15 c1t2d0s9 -> ../../devices/pci@0,0/pci15ad,1976@10/sd@2,0:j
...节选...
  1. 格式化新磁盘
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# format
Searching for disks...done
AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS:
       0. c1t0d0 <VMware,-VMware Virtual -1.0  cyl 16706 alt 2 hd 255 sec 63>
          /pci@0,0/pci15ad,1976@10/sd@0,0
       1. c1t1d0 <VMware,-VMware Virtual -1.0  cyl 33416 alt 2 hd 255 sec 63>
          /pci@0,0/pci15ad,1976@10/sd@1,0
       2. c1t2d0 <VMware,-VMware Virtual -1.0  cyl 1303 alt 2 hd 255 sec 63>
          /pci@0,0/pci15ad,1976@10/sd@2,0
Specify disk (enter its number): 2
selecting c1t2d0
[disk formatted]
FORMAT MENU:
        disk       - select a disk
        type       - select (define) a disk type
        partition  - select (define) a partition table
        current    - describe the current disk
        format     - format and analyze the disk
        fdisk      - run the fdisk program
        repair     - repair a defective sector
        label      - write label to the disk
        analyze    - surface analysis
        defect     - defect list management
        backup     - search for backup labels
        verify     - read and display labels
        save       - save new disk/partition definitions
        inquiry    - show vendor, product and revision
        volname    - set 8-character volume name
        !<cmd>     - execute <cmd>, then return
        quit
  1. 低级格式化硬盘
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format> fdisk
No fdisk table exists. The default partition for the disk is:
  a 100% "SOLARIS System" partition
Type "y" to accept the default partition,  otherwise type "n" to edit the
 partition table.
y
  1. 显示硬盘分区
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format> p
PARTITION MENU:
        0      - change `0' partition
        1      - change `1' partition
        2      - change `2' partition
        3      - change `3' partition
        4      - change `4' partition
        5      - change `5' partition
        6      - change `6' partition
        7      - change `7' partition
        select - select a predefined table
        modify - modify a predefined partition table
        name   - name the current table
        print  - display the current table
        label  - write partition map and label to the disk
        !<cmd> - execute <cmd>, then return
        quit

partition> print
Current partition table (original):
Total disk cylinders available: 1302 + 2 (reserved cylinders)
Part      Tag    Flag     Cylinders        Size            Blocks
  0 unassigned    wm       0               0         (0/0/0)           0
  1 unassigned    wm       0               0         (0/0/0)           0
  2     backup    wu       0 - 1301        9.97GB    (1302/0/0) 20916630
  3 unassigned    wm       0               0         (0/0/0)           0
  4 unassigned    wm       0               0         (0/0/0)           0
  5 unassigned    wm       0               0         (0/0/0)           0
  6 unassigned    wm       0               0         (0/0/0)           0
  7 unassigned    wm       0               0         (0/0/0)           0
  8       boot    wu       0 -    0        7.84MB    (1/0/0)       16065
  9 unassigned    wm       0               0         (0/0/0)           0
  1. 分配分区容量
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partition> 0
Part      Tag    Flag     Cylinders        Size            Blocks
  0 unassigned    wm       0               0         (0/0/0)           0
Enter partition id tag[unassigned]: 
Enter partition permission flags[wm]: 
Enter new starting cyl[0]: 
Enter partition size[0b, 0c, 0e, 0.00mb, 0.00gb]: 9.97gb
  1. 显示分区信息
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partition> p
Current partition table (unnamed):
Total disk cylinders available: 1302 + 2 (reserved cylinders)

Part      Tag    Flag     Cylinders        Size            Blocks
  0 unassigned    wm       0 - 1301        9.97GB    (1302/0/0) 20916630
  1 unassigned    wm       0               0         (0/0/0)           0
  2     backup    wu       0 - 1301        9.97GB    (1302/0/0) 20916630
  3 unassigned    wm       0               0         (0/0/0)           0
  4 unassigned    wm       0               0         (0/0/0)           0
  5 unassigned    wm       0               0         (0/0/0)           0
  6 unassigned    wm       0               0         (0/0/0)           0
  7 unassigned    wm       0               0         (0/0/0)           0
  8       boot    wu       0 -    0        7.84MB    (1/0/0)       16065
  9 unassigned    wm       0               0         (0/0/0)           0

  1. 标记磁盘
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partition> label
Ready to label disk, continue? y
  1. 保存分区信息
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format> save
Saving new disk and partition definitions
Enter file name["./format.dat"]:

配置文件系统

  1. 新建文件系统
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# newfs /dev/dsk/c1t2d0s0
newfs: construct a new file system /dev/rdsk/c1t2d0s0: (y/n)? y
Warning: 3690 sector(s) in last cylinder unallocated
/dev/rdsk/c1t2d0s0:     20916630 sectors in 3405 cylinders of 48 tracks, 128 sectors
        10213.2MB in 213 cyl groups (16 c/g, 48.00MB/g, 5824 i/g)
super-block backups (for fsck -F ufs -o b=#) at:
 32, 98464, 196896, 295328, 393760, 492192, 590624, 689056, 787488, 885920,
 19957152, 20055584, 20154016, 20252448, 20350880, 20449312, 20547744,
 20646176, 20744608, 20843040
  1. 创建挂载点目录
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# mkdir /chenrong_10g
  1. 挂载分区(临时)
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# mount /dev/dsk/c1t2d0s0 /chenrong_10g
  1. 查看文件系统
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# df -h
Filesystem             size   used  avail capacity  Mounted on
rpool/ROOT/s10x_u11wos_24a
                       125G    19G    94G    17%    /
/devices                 0K     0K     0K     0%    /devices
ctfs                     0K     0K     0K     0%    /system/contract
proc                     0K     0K     0K     0%    /proc
mnttab                   0K     0K     0K     0%    /etc/mnttab
swap                   7.9G   380K   7.9G     1%    /etc/svc/volatile
objfs                    0K     0K     0K     0%    /system/object
sharefs                  0K     0K     0K     0%    /etc/dfs/sharetab
/usr/lib/libc/libc_hwcap1.so.1
                       114G    19G    94G    17%    /lib/libc.so.1
fd                       0K     0K     0K     0%    /dev/fd
swap                   7.9G    40K   7.9G     1%    /tmp
swap                   7.9G    32K   7.9G     1%    /var/run
rpool/export           125G    32K    94G     1%    /export
rpool/export/home      125G   1.8M    94G     1%    /export/home
rpool                  125G    42K    94G     1%    /rpool
/vol/dev/dsk/c0t0d0/sol_10_113_x86
                       2.1G   2.1G     0K   100%    /cdrom/sol_10_113_x86
/dev/dsk/c1t2d0s0      9.8G  10.0M   9.7G     1%    /chenrong_10g
  1. 编辑配置文件，使挂载点永久生效
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# cat /etc/vfstab
#device         device          mount           FS      fsck    mount   mount
#to mount       to fsck         point           type    pass    at boot options
#
fd      -       /dev/fd fd      -       no      -
/proc   -       /proc   proc    -       no      -
/dev/zvol/dsk/rpool/swap        -       -       swap    -       no      -
/devices        -       /devices        devfs   -       no      -
sharefs -       /etc/dfs/sharetab       sharefs -       no      -
ctfs    -       /system/contract        ctfs    -       no      -
objfs   -       /system/object  objfs   -       no      -
swap    -       /tmp    tmpfs   -       yes     -
/dev/dsk/c1t2d0s0  /dev/rdsk/c1t2d0s0  /chenrong_10g  ufs  2  yes  -
  1. 重启系统，挂载点能正常使用
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Connection established.
Escape character is '^@]'.

Last login: Mon Jan 12 16:34:10 2015 from 192.168.137.105
Oracle Corporation      SunOS 5.10      Generic Patch   January 2005

# df -h
Filesystem             size   used  avail capacity  Mounted on
rpool/ROOT/s10x_u11wos_24a
                       125G    19G    94G    17%    /
/devices                 0K     0K     0K     0%    /devices
ctfs                     0K     0K     0K     0%    /system/contract
proc                     0K     0K     0K     0%    /proc
mnttab                   0K     0K     0K     0%    /etc/mnttab
swap                   7.9G   388K   7.9G     1%    /etc/svc/volatile
objfs                    0K     0K     0K     0%    /system/object
sharefs                  0K     0K     0K     0%    /etc/dfs/sharetab
/usr/lib/libc/libc_hwcap1.so.1
                       114G    19G    94G    17%    /lib/libc.so.1
fd                       0K     0K     0K     0%    /dev/fd
swap                   7.9G    40K   7.9G     1%    /tmp
swap                   7.9G    32K   7.9G     1%    /var/run
/dev/dsk/c1t2d0s0      9.8G  10.0M   9.7G     1%    /chenrong_10g
rpool/export           125G    32K    94G     1%    /export
rpool/export/home      125G   1.8M    94G     1%    /export/home
rpool                  125G    42K    94G     1%    /rpool
/vol/dev/dsk/c0t0d0/sol_10_113_x86
                       2.1G   2.1G     0K   100%    /cdrom/sol_10_113_x86
# cd /chenrong_10g
# ls
lost+found

增补资料

/etc/vfstab文件中fsck pass一栏下的数字1和2区别？
fsck pass Fsck检测次数，用于决定是否需要检测文件系统，当该域是”-“号时不检测文件系统，当该域的值大于1时，则检查文件系统；等于0时，则检查非ufs文件系统，而不检查ufs文件系统，当fsck作用多个ufs文件系统，而fsck pass值大于1，并且使用了-op选择项时，fsck 自动以最高的效率并行检测不同盘上的文件系统，当fsck pass值为1时，则顺序检测文件系统，否则fsck pass值无效。

在普通情况下，pass Fsck >;=1 则检查对应的文件系统，所以此时1、2、3……没区别。
在使用了-o p选择项时（如命令fsck -o p /export/home），如果该文件系统跨了多个盘，pass Fsck >;1则并行检测不同盘上的文件系统，pass Fsck =1则顺序检测不同盘上的文件系统。此时2、3、4……没区别。